Glossary

The apparel glossary below defines terms commonly used in the garment industry.

An anti-pill fleece is made in a way which is designed to stop little balls (or pills) of thread on the surface of the fabric appearing. This will give the fleece a smoother and more comfortable feel.

Pills appear due to threads being pulled to the surface of the fabric due to abrasion, this is most common to happen when washing a drying the fleece.

A tubular weft-knit fabric made of a circular-knitting machine.

Dazzle is a type of polyester fabric that is widely used in making clothes like basketball uniforms, football uniforms, rugby ball uniforms and even casual clothing because it absorbs moisture quickly. It is a lightweight fabric that allows air to circulate easily around the body.

Double knit fabric is a medium to heavyweight textile that can be used for a variety of garments. Unlike most knit fabrics, which are used for garments that require stretch to fit properly, the unique construction of double knit results in a very stable fabric suitable for items whose weight would distort with any other knit.

Eyelet mesh is a robust knit fabric, with an eyelet stitch design producing stable holes in the fabric. This allows for full air flow and lightweight feel yet also ensures the tensile strength of the fabric can withstand many of the rigors of touch match-play. There is also the option of using this fabric for Sublimation printing, and the fabric lends itself to many different apparel uses – most notably our American sports range.

Recommended for…Multisport performance team wear including American football tops, ice hockey tops, baseball tops and H/V vests.

A fabric with a thick, heavy surface resembling sheep’s wool. It may be a pile or napped fabric of either woven or knit construction.
A broad term for fabric characterized by open spaces between the yarns. Mesh fabrics may be woven, knit, lace, net, crochet, etc.

The name given to ultra-fine manufactured fibers and the name given to the technology of developing these fibers. Fibers made using microfiber technology, produce fibers which weigh less than 1.0 denier. The fabrics made from these extra-fine fibers provide a superior hand, a gentle drape, and incredible softness. Comparatively, microfibers are two times finer than silk, three times finer than cotton, eight times finer than wool, and one hundred times finer than a human hair. Currently, there are four types of microfibers being produced. These include acrylic microfibers, nylon microfibers, polyester microfibers, and rayon microfibers.

Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Scuba knit is a lofty double knit fabric of finely spun polyester fibers that create a super smooth hand, low luster sheen and a full-bodied drape.
Spandex, Lycra or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is stronger and more durable than natural rubber. It is a polyester-polyurethane copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont's Benger Laboratory in Waynesboro, Virginia. When introduced in 1962, it revolutionized many areas of the clothing industry.

Stretch fabric is a synthetic fabric which stretches. Stretch fabrics are either 2-way stretch or 4-way stretch.

2-way stretch fabrics stretch in one direction, usually from selvedge to selvedge (but can be in other directions depending on the knit).

4-way stretch fabrics, such as spandex, stretches in both directions, crosswise and lengthwise.

Stretch fabrics evolved from the scientific effort to make fibres using neoprene. From this research, in 1958 commercial stretch fabrics ('elastomerics') such as spandex or elastane (widely branded as 'Lycra') were brought to the market.

Stretch fabrics simplify the construction of clothing. First used in swimsuits and women's bras, fashion designers began using them as early as the mid-1980s. They entered the mainstream market in the early 1990s, and are widely used in sports clothing.

On a larger scale, the materials have also been adapted to many artistic and decorative purposes. Stretch fabric structures create contemporary looking design elements that have many uses in corporate theatre and event production.

A type of knitting in which the yarns generally run lengthwise in the fabric. The yarns are prepared as warps on beams with one or more yarns for each needle. Examples of this type of knitting are tricot, milanese, and raschel knitting.

Milanese Knitting: A type of run-resistant warp knitting with a diagonal rib effect using several sets of yarns.

Raschel Knitting: A versatile type of warp knitting made in plain and Jacquard patterns; the latter can be made with intricate eyelet and lacy patterns and is often used for underwear fabrics. Raschel fabrics are coarser than other warp-knit fabrics, but a wide range of fabrics can be made. Raschel knitting machines have one or two sets of latch needles and up to thirty sets of guides.

Tricot Knitting: A run-resistant type of warp knitting in which either single or double sets of yarn are used.